HPV vaccine is a type of vaccine that works to prevent infection with the HPV virus (human papillomavirus). HPV vaccine is generally given to women before active sexual intercourse. However, this vaccine can also be given to men to better protect their partners from contracting HPV infections.
The HPV virus can cause infections of the skin, cause genital warts, and cause cancer. Cancer caused by HPV can be in the form of cervical, vulva, vaginal, penile, and anal cancers. HPV can also cause cancer in the back of the throat, base of the tongue, and tonsils, also called oropharyngeal cancer. HPV is spread through sexual contact, including through oral sex.
Until now, the HPV vaccine is known to reduce the risk of HPV infection, especially in genital organs. This vaccine also plays an important role in reducing the number of cases and the spread of cervical cancer.
Indications for HPV Vaccine
Based on an analysis of several studies, the HPV vaccine should ideally be given to girls and boys at the age of 9-12 years. The aim is to provide immunity against HPV infection before the recipient of the vaccine is actively engaged in sexual intercourse. HPV vaccine will work better if given while still a teenager, compared to when given as an adult.
However, if you have not received or have not yet received the HPV vaccine at the age of 9-12 years, the HPV vaccine can be given to women aged 13-26 years. HPV vaccine can also be given to women who have been active in sexual relations. However, keep in mind that this vaccine cannot treat HPV infections that are happening.
HPV Vaccine Warning
The HPV vaccine is not recommended for women who are pregnant or who are seriously ill. In addition, HPV vaccines should not be given to people who are allergic to vaccine components or have experienced allergies after being given a previous HPV vaccine. For those of you who have an allergy to latex or yeast, tell your doctor before receiving the HPV vaccine.
Although the HPV vaccine is not recommended for pregnant women, so far the HPV vaccine does not cause side effects to the fetus. However, if the pregnant woman wants to get this vaccine, she must wait until the delivery is complete.
Preparation before Giving HPV Vaccine
Before a person gets an HPV vaccine, the doctor will first check his physical condition to make sure he is healthy. The doctor will also ask the person's medical history regarding the HPV vaccine. If you have received an HPV vaccine, the doctor will ask about the time of the previous HPV vaccine, and ask if he has allergies or side effects after getting the vaccine. The aim is to avoid the possibility of allergic reactions or side effects from HPV vaccination.
Procedure for Giving HPV Vaccine
HPV vaccine will be given by doctors in the form of injections. The doctor will generally do the injection in the upper arm. In addition to the upper arm, the doctor can inject HPV vaccine in the upper thigh. The injection method used is intramuscular injection or injection into the muscle.
HPV vaccination will be done 2-3 times. Vaccinations are carried out 2 times aimed at children aged 9-14 years. The time span between the first and second injection is 6-12 months.
While HPV vaccination is carried out 3 times aimed at adolescents and adults aged 15-26 years. Participants with HPV vaccinations whose immune system is disrupted can also get vaccinated 3 times. The time span between the first and second injection is 1-2 months. While the time span between the second and third injection is 6 months.
Girls and boys will be told when the HPV vaccination needs to be done. This notice is usually conveyed through the school or by a doctor. For parents whose daughters have already had the first dose of HPV vaccination, but have missed the second dose, they must notify the doctor immediately.
After Giving HPV Vaccine
After receiving the vaccine, it is recommended to rest for 15 minutes after the injection. The aim is to avoid the emergence of side effects after injection, such as dizziness and headaches. The doctor will monitor the condition of the vaccine recipient until allowed to go home.
Although HPV vaccination can prevent cervical cancer, recipients of vaccination are still advised to undergo regular pap smears according to the schedule recommended by the doctor. HPV vaccination is very effective in preventing cervical cancer, but keep in mind that this procedure cannot prevent other sexually transmitted infections.
Risks of Giving HPV Vaccine
HPV vaccination is safe, and rarely causes side effects. Side effects of HPV vaccination can be:
- Dizzy
- Nausea
- Gag
- Headache
- Limp
- Passed out
See your doctor immediately if these side effects occur, so that treatment can be given as soon as possible.
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